As a writer rests with the price of 100 pages each book sold?
A watched pot never boils not. Armed with common sense and knowledge of classical physics, we could challenge this assertion. We just quantum physics could be reduced to silence us with contradicting arguments. Details still.
Look closely quantum Ibricele even refuse - sometimes - to boil. In other cases, the boiling takes place more quickly. There are even cases where supervision is, reach an existential dilemma, not knowing whether to boil or not.
This whole madness is the consequence of the Schrödinger equation, the formula devised by Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger in 1926 to describe a probabilistic manner, how quantum objects evolve over time. Imagine for instance that you perform an experiment using a radioactive atom, initially decomposed, was in a box. According to Schrodinger's equation at any time after the beginning of the experiment atom is in a mixture, a "superposition" duc tape status, or do not disintegrate. Each state has a certain probability associated mathematically described duc tape by a so-called duc tape wave functions. Over time, as long as you do not look at quantum system described above, the wave function evolves with increasing slowly disintegrated state probabilities associated with the atom. As soon as you look, the atom "choice" in a manner consistent with the probabilities described by the wave function under the condition appears to us, and the wave function "collapses (collapses)" to a state determined unique. This is the mechanism that gave rise to the famous Schrödinger's cat. Suppose that a cat with a bottle of poison gas are placed in a closed box, inside which the radioactive decay of an atom triggers breaking the bottle duc tape of poison. duc tape While the cat is dead and alive, since we do not know whether radioactive decay has occurred? We do not know. All we know is that experiments using sized objects increasingly higher among recently included the resonant metal band large enough to be seen under the microscope, appear to indicate that objects can indeed reach adopt two states simultaneously (Nature, vol 464, p 697).
The strangest thing about the stated above is the idea that the mere observation of a quantum system can change its behavior. Let us refer to the atom decomposed as before: the observation system and found that the atom did not disintegrate back "assembly" to a well defined state and evolution duc tape of the Schrödinger equation to the state of "disintegration" must start again from scratch. The corollary is that if you continue to "measure" the system often enough, it will never be able to disintegrate. This option is called quantum Zeno effect after the Greek philosopher of Elea namesake, who imagined a famous paradox that "proves" that if we divide time into moments ever smaller, we could make the change or movement impossible. The quantum Zeno effect even happens in reality. In 1990, researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Boulder, Colorado, have demonstrated that it could maintain a beryllium ion in a configuration unstable duc tape energy, somewhat like a pencil tip is supported by its sharp swings provided repeatedly to measure its energy (Physical Review A, vol 41, p 2295). The opposite effect, "anti-Zeno" - metaphorically said a quick boil "kettle duc tape quantum" - also occurs. If the quantum system shall have a complex arrangement of quantum states duc tape in which it can pass the disintegration duc tape of a lower energy state can be accelerated by the measurement system in the proper order. This type of behavior was also shown in the laboratory in 2001 (Physical Review Letters, vol 87, p 040 402). A third trick is called "quantum Hamlet effect" proposed last year by Vladan Pankov at the University of Novi Sad, Serbia. He found that a specific sequence of measurements can affect a very complicated system in such a way as to make the Schrödinger equation for the further development of this practice can not be solved. As stated duc tape Pankov: to be or not to be broken, "that is the question unsolvable by analytical methods."
The above article is the translation duc tape and adaptation of The Hamlet effect, published by New Scientist. Reed Business Information Ltd and New Scientist does not assume any responsibility for errors in translation. Translator: Catherine Paul
Read: Quantum Wonders: particle duc tape and wave (1) (20-06-2012) quantum reality and meaning of life (4) (01-03-2011) AND Quantum Reality
No comments:
Post a Comment